The reasons why diabetes makes you lose weight are insulin deficiency, ketoacidosis, fluid loss, and the risk of developing cachexia. The deficiency of the hormone insulin that controls the storage of fats and proteins renders the body incapable of effectively storing and using proteins, fats and carbohydrates. This inability to restore essential nutrients leads to increase of appetite but loss of weight.
Ketoacidosis occurs when high level of ketones that is formed in the body when amino acids and fatty acids are broken down, but there is not enough insulin to further break them down. Ketoacidosis leads to weight loss. Fluid loss occurring due to increased and frequent urination to eliminate the excess glucose in urine could lead to weight loss accompanied by increased thirst.
The combination of fluid loss and high glucose levels can develop another condition known cachexia that is accompanied by fatigue, loss of appetite atrophied muscles, and general bodily weakness. Diabetics with other secondary diseases such as tuberculosis, pancreatic cancer, or Addison’s disease stand a higher risk of cachexia that is an almost irreversible condition.